Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiling radiometers. These radiometers are build for different water vapor and oxygen absorption lines, thus allowing sensing under various environmental conditions. For example, a radiometer build around the 183 GHz water vapor line is much more sensitive to water vapor than 22 GHz radiometer and thus very suitable for environment with low water vapor amounts, such as polar or high altitude locations.
- Low cost 60 GHz Microwave Scanning Radiometer
- 50-56 GHz Multichannel Atmospheric Temperature Profiler
- 118 GHz Oxygen Line Spectrometer
- 22 GHz Water Vapor Line Microwave Radiometer
- 183 GHz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
- 380 GHz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
- Marine Profiling Radiometer
60 GHz Microwave Scanning Radiometer
Low cost 60 GHz Microwave Scanning Radiometer
Compact, low cost 60 GHz microwave scanning radiometer at oxygen absorption line for boundary layer air temperature profile measurements.
- Center frequency: 60 GHz
- IF Frequency band: 2GHz (DSB Mode)
- Receiver noise temperature: 800 K
- Radiometer temperature resolution: 0.03 K @ 1sec integration time
- Corrugated horn antenna with low side lobes level < -30 dB
- Antenna beam width: 6.5 degrees
- Mirror spinning rate: 2 revolutions per second
- Dimensions and weight:
- Microwave unit with scanner: 700 x 120 x 180 mm, 9 kg
- Power supply: 340 x 230 x 130 mm, 7.5 kg
- Power consumption: 50 W
- Power requirements: 120-220 V, 1 A, 50-60 Hz
- Features:
- Internal reference load and noise source for gain variation correction.
- Thermo-electric coolers for temperature control.
- Fast rotating mirror with hydrophobic self-cleaning Teflon protection (not shown in the picture)
- Self-calibrating principle using air thermometer
- Atmospheric altitude range 600m
- Height resolution 30-90 m
- Accuracy of temperature profile retrieval 0.3-0.7 K depending on type of profile.
The radiometer is ready to be installed on the wing tip of the Twin Otter aircraft. Supporting structure and fairing are available.
References:
- Air and Sea Surface Temperature Measurements Using a 60-GHz Microwave Rotating Radiometer. Y. Trokhimovski, E.R. Westwater, Y. Han, V.Y. Leuski. (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 36, no. 1, January 1998)
- Measurement of Boundary-Layer Temperature Profiles by a Scanning 5-MM Radiometer During the 1999 Winter NSA/AAO Radiometer Experiment and Wviop 2000. V.Y. Leuski, E.R. Westwater. (Eleventh ARM Science Team Meeting Proceedings, Atlanta, Georgia, March 19-23, 2001)
- Airborne Measurements of the Sea-air Temperature Difference by Ascanning 5-MM Wavelength Radiometer. Lenski, V.; Irisov, V.; Westwater, E.; Fedor, L.; Patten, B. ( Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2000. Proceedings. IGARSS 2000, vol. 1, 260-262)
- Air temperature profile and air/sea temperature difference measurements by infrared and microwave scanning radiometers. D.Cimini, J.A.Shaw, E.R.Westwater, etc. (Radio Science, vol. 38, no. 3, 8045)
50-56 GHz Multichannel Atmospheric Temperature Profiler
This microwave radiometer has 11 frequency channels from 50.3 GHz to 56.325 GHz. The radiometer is a superheterodyne filter bank receiver with the mixer single side mode operation. A low noise amplifier is deployed in front end. The radiometer is developed for high altitude aircraft installation. Channel center frequencies, Fo and bandwidths are:
| Fo (GH ) | 50.30 | 51.76 | 52.825 | 53.29 | 53.84 | 54.4 | 54.95 | 55.52 | 56.025 | 56.215 | 56.325 |
| Band (GHz) | 180 | 400 | 300 | 360 | 190 | 220 | 300 | 180 | 250 | 50 | 50 |
- Antenna beam width: 3.5 degree
- Receiver noise temperature: 1000K
- Brightness temperature resolution (for different channels): 0.07-0.2K @ 1sec integration time
- Integration time constant: 1ms
Radiometer consists of an internal reference load and noise source for periodic gain calibration. The radiometer design is for installation into a PSR scanhead. It is installed in the PSR/S scanhead of the PSR system and it was flown on high altitude UAV Altair of General Atomics for the NOAA/NASA UAV demonstration mission. It i is developed for installation in multi sensor scanning radiometric system Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR). A stand alone scanning instrument with hermetic enclosure is available upon request. For ground-based radiometer installation, the channel center frequencies and frequency bands could be recommended and realized as following:
| Fo (GH ) | 51.3 | 52.3 | 54.0 | 55.0 | 56.7 | 57.2 | 58.0 |
| Band (GHz) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 400 | 600 | 1000 |
References:
118 GHz Oxygen Line Spectrometer
Double side band receiver with 9 frequency channels. The channel center frequency, Fo, and frequency bands are:
| Fo=118.75 +/- (GHz) | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 |
| Band (MHz) | 20 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 1000 | 2000 |
- Lens-corrugated horn antenna.
- Antenna beamwidth: 3.5 degree
- Receiver noise temperature: 1200K
- Temperature resolution (for different channels): 0.04-0.4 @ 1 sec integration time
- Internal reference load and noise source for periodic gain calibration.
The radiometer construction is developed for installation in multi sensor scanning radiometric system Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR). A stand alone scanning instrument with hermetic enclosure is available upon request.
22 GHz Water Vapor Line Microwave Radiometer
Direct detection receiver with low noise amplifier in front end. The channel center frequencies, Fo, and frequency bands are:
| Fo (GHz) | 18.7 | 21.45 | 22.235 | 23.9 |
| Band (MHz) | 200 | 300 | 200 | 200 |
- Beam width: 8.5 degrees
- Receiver noise temperature: 300 K
- Temperature resolution: 0.04 K @ 1sec integration time
- Internal reference load and noise source for periodic gain calibration.
- Dimensions:
- 380 x 220 x 60 mm
- antenna diameter: 180 mm
- Weight: 5.5 kg
The radiometer construction is developed for installation in multi sensor scanning radiometric system Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR). A stand alone scanning instrument with hermetic enclosure is available upon request.
183 GHz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
183 GHz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
Double side band receiver with 7 IF frequency channels.
- Lens-horn antenna.
- Antenna beam width: 1.7 degrees
- Receiver noise temperature: 3000 K
- Temperature resolution (for different channels): 0.05-0.2 K @ 1 sec integration time.
- Gain calibration using mechanically switching mirror and the hot-cold target set.
| Fo (GHz) | 18.7 | 21.45 | 22.235 | 23.9 |
| Band (MHz) | 200 | 300 | 200 | 200 |
The radiometer construction is developed for installation in multi sensor scanning radiometric system Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR).
References:
- Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR)
- Microwave and Millimeter Wave Forward Modeling Results from the 2004 North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment E.R. Westwater, D. Cimini, M. Klein, and V. Leuski. (15th ARM Team Meeting Proceedings, Daytona Beach, Florida, March 14-18, 2005)
- Ground-based Scanning Radiometer measurements during the water vapor Intensive Operational Period 2004. D. Cimini, M. Klein, E.R. Westwater, V. Leuski. (15th ARM Team Meeting Proceedings, Daytona Beach, Florida, March 14-18, 2005)
380 Ghz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
380 GHz Water Vapor Line Spectrometer
5 frequency channel filter bank (GSR).
- Lens-horn antenna.
- Antenna beam width: 1.8 degrees
- Receiver noise temperature: 3500 K
- Temperature resolution (for different channels): 0.08-0.3 K @ 1 sec integration time.
- Gain calibration using mechanically switching mirror and the hot-cold target set.
| Fo = 380 +/-(GHz) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 17.0 |
| Band (MHz) | 200 | 500 | 900 | 2000 | 2000 |
The radiometer construction is developed for installation in multi sensor scanning radiometric system Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR). A stand alone scanning instrument with hermetic enclosure is available upon request.
References:
- Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR)
- Microwave and Millimeter Wave Forward Modeling Results from the 2004 North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment E.R. Westwater, D. Cimini, M. Klein, and V. Leuski. (15th ARM Team Meeting Proceedings, Daytona Beach, Florida, March 14-18, 2005)
- Ground-based scanning radiometer measurements during the water vapor Intensive Operational Period 2004. D.Cimini, M.Klein, E.R.Westwater, V.Leuski. (15th ARM Team Meeting Proceedings, Daytona Beach, Florida, March 14-18, 2005)